viral disease causes

Viral disease are causes by various diseases:

Dengue Fever

Caused by DEN-1 virus and transmitted by female Tiger mosquito(Aedes aegypti).
It’s symptoms are headache,fever chili,pain in joints and skin rashes.
Blood platelets number fall below 70000/mm.
Paracetamol with replenishment of blood platelets may be helpful.

Measles [viral disease causes]

Caused by Rubeola virus/Polynosa morbillorum.
Transmitted by contact, droplet and fomite method.
Viruses enters through respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
It is characterised by itching,skin rash, small raised red spot in crescent shaped groups starting from back of ears and reaching to forehead, face and then on whole body.
Antibiotics and vitamin-A given to prevent complications.

Chickenpox

Caused by Varicella zoster with incubation period of 14-16 days.
It is contagious disease occurs in winter and springs.
Presence of prodermal rashes with crops of pinkish centripetal spots first on truck, fore-head and face.
Uneasiness, aches and high fever accompany each new crop.
Scabs fall off without leaving any mark.
No drugs and no vaccines only use of boric acid and calamine reduces itching problem.

Smallpox (Chechuk)

Caused by Variola virus.
Common but less severe in children of upto 10yr and severe but rare in adults.
Infection spreads from oral, nasal, vesicular discharges, pustules and scabs.
Symptoms are reddish spots which change into papules,pushtules and finally scabs.
Spots appear first on the hair line, then face followed by over rest of the body, but fewer on the trunk.On falling,these spots left permanent marks.
Vaccination through small pox vaccine, which has developed by Edward Jenner in 1796.

Mumps

Caused by Paramyxo or Mumps virus.
Transmitted by direct contact, droplet and fomite method.
It this disease patient feels difficulty in swallowing and opening of mouth.
Symptoms are high fever, chilis, headache and general body aches.
Treated by vaccination with MMR.

Polio-[viral disease causes]

Caused by Polio virus or Entero virus.
Highly infectious disease of infant and children.
Transmitted through faeces, urine and nasal secretions contaminating food, water, drinks, either directly or through flies.
It produces inflation of of the nervous system causing inability to bend and head forward.
Polio is preventive.
Salk’s vaccine is available for taking at the age of 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks and booster dose at 18-24 month.
The Haffkine Institute of Mumbai is known for the production of polio vaccine.

Influenza/Flu

Influenza is a viral disease caused by Haemophilus influenza or Myxovirus influenzae.
It spreads by the entering of contaminated air into respiratory tract.
It starts with fever, headache, sore throat, cold with sneezing and pain all over body with restlessness.
No vaccine,hygine and sanitation.

Rabies/Hydrophobia

Rabies is a viral disease caused by Rhabdo virus.
Transmitted to human beings by biting saliva of rabid dog or cat.
Jackals, wolves, foxes, mongoose, and bat also have rabies virus.
Initial symptoms of rabies are excessive salvia from mouth, severe headache, high fever, depression and inability to swallow even fluids due to choked throat.
Fear of water, i.e., hydrophobia is most important characteristic.
The virus destroy the brain and spinal cord.
Bitten person should be immediately administered vaccine are recommended.
Dog should be watched for 10 days for the development of rabies symptoms.

Hepatitis-[viral disease causes]

Commonly called jaundice.
Jaundice is the result of incomplete metabolism of bilirubin pigment of worn out RBC’s.
Infection spreads through faecal-oral route and polluted water.
Initially liver is enlarge and congested.
Symptoms are fever, nausea, vomiting, pains in muscles and joints.Urine is dark and stool is pale.
Six varieties of hepatitis virus are HAV, HBV, HCV,HDV, HEV, HGV.
Personal cleanliness, use of boiled water, properly cook food articles and control of flies are require.

Aids

Acquired Immunode Ficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of human immune system.
Caused by human immuno deficiency virus.
AIDS was first recognised by the centres for disease control and prevention in 1981.
HIV can get spread by the following:

(i)Through blood transfusion, e.g., Accidental needle sticks or needle sharing.

(ii)Through sexual contact, e.g., Oral,Vaginal and dual sex.

(iii)From mother to child, e.g., A pregnant woman can transmit virus to her foetus through their blood circulation.

Major clinical sign or symptoms of AIDS in humans are loss of weight, prolonged fever,chronic diarrhoea, red or brown blotches on or under the skin of nose,mouth, swollen gland, etc.
ELISA, PCR and RIP/IFA are the confirmatory test for AIDS.
Anti-retroviral drugs, e.g., AZT , Zidovudine and norvir are use to suppress AIDS.

Yellow Fever

Caused by Flavi virus.
The mosquito Aedes aegypti transmit the virus to humans.
Symptoms are aching muscles particularly the back and knees dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, shivers and vomiting skin and white of eyes take on a yellow tinge.
No effective antiviral medication but making sure the patient’s blood pressure in adequate, replacing lost blood, and treating any secondary infections.
This disease is not prevalent in India.

Swine Flu

Swine Flu is a viral disease cause by H1N1 virus.
It is also called Hog flu or pig influenza.
The risk of this disease is higher in those who consume pork.
Symptoms are fever, lethargy sneezing, coughing, difficulty in breathing and declared appetite.
Tamiflu and relenza vaccine. are used to prevent this disease.

Helminthic Diseases

Ascariasis

Caused by Ascaris lumbricoides.
Spreads through raw vegetables, dirty hands and ingestion of contaminated soil.
Symptoms are nausea, cough and severe abdominal pain.
Sanitation and uses of anthelmintic drugs.

Taeniasis

Caused by Taenia solium.
Spreads through improperly cooked food and also through raw vegetables which are not properly washed.
Symptoms are chronic indigestion, anorexia, similar symptoms of epilepsy.
Treated by sanitation, use of properly cooked food and helminthic drugs.

Filariasis

Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
Transmitted by Culex sp. of mosquito.
Fever,legs may become swollen and resemble with those of elephant. So, this disease also called elephantiasis.
Destruction of mosquitoes and use of mosquito repellent creams and mats and anthelmintic drugs.

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