Five Year Plan In India

There are 12 Five Year Plan , In the economic history of India which are mentioned below:

First Five year Plan(1951-56)

Itv was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
Community Development Programme launched in 1952.Two-fold objectives were there.
Its objective was to correct the disequilibrium in the economy caused by 3 main problems (i) influx of refugees (ii) severe food shortage and (iii) mounting inflation.
Only objective to see price declining.
Emphasised on agriculture,price stability,power and transport.

Second Five year plan(1956-61)

Achieved 4.1% as against growth rate of 4.5%.
Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela steel plants founded.
Also called as Mahalanobis Plan after its chief architect PC Mahalanobis.
Its emphasis was on economic stability. Agriculture target fixed in the first objective , almost achieved.Consequently,the agriculture sector got low priority.
Its objective was Rapid Industrialisation, particularly basic and heavy industries such as iron and steel,heavy chemicals like nitrogenous fertilizers,heavy engineering and machine building industry.
Advocated huge imports which led to emptying of funds leading to foreign loans. It shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry far too soon.During this, price level increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the First objective.

Third five year plan In India

Targeted growth rate (5.6%) could be achieve as GDP grow by 2.8% only.
Third five year plan in India is refer as Gadgil Yojana.
Also,it was realized from the experience of first two plans that agriculture should be given the top priority to suffix the requirements of export and industry.
The other objectives included the expansion of basic industries,optimum utilization of country’s labour power and reducing the inequalities of income and wealth.
Relied heavily on foreign aid.
Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, Chinese aggression(1962), Indo-Pak War(1965), severest drought (1965-66).
Prices increased by 36% in five years.
Hence,third plan failed in every respect.

Fourth five year plan(1969-74)

The fourth plan set before the two principal objectives-growth with stability and progress towards self-reliance.
Main emphasis on agricultural growth rate targeted 5.6% but achieved 3.3% growth rate only.
Fared well in the first two years with record production,last three years failures because of poor production.
Had to tackle the influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak War.
During the planning period,prices increased by about 61%.
Nationalisation of 14 Banks and the Green Revolution began.

Fifth five year plan(1974-79)

It targeted a growth rate of 4.4% but achieved a growth rate of 4.8%.
Original approach proposed complementing economic growth with direct attack on poverty.
The Fifth objective prepared and launched by DD Dhar.He proposed to achieve two main objectives, ‘Removal of Poverty’ and ‘Attainment of Self-reliance’ ,through promotion of high rate of growth in the domestic rate of savings.
National programme of minimum needs was initiated in which primary education,drinking water,medical facilities in rural areas,nourishing food, land for the houses of landless labourers,rural roads,electrification of the villages and cleanliness of dirty suburbs were included.

Sixth five year plan in india(1980-85)

Sixth Five Plan targeted 5.2% but achieved a growth rate of 5.2%.
First objective with signs of starting of economic liberalisation.
Integrated Rural Development Programme, Minimum Needs Programme were started.
Objectives include increase in National income,modernisation of technology,ensuring continuous decrease in poverty and unemployment,population control through family planning.

Seventh five year plan in india(1985-90)

The seventh five year plan emphasized policies and programmes,which aimed at rapid growth in food-grains production,increased employment opportunities and productivity within the framework of basic tenants of planning.
It was a great success,the economy recorded 6% growth against the targeted 5%. Indian economy finally broke the Hindu growth rate barrier.

eighth five year plan(1992-97)

First Five Year Plan in India based on Rao and Manmohan mode of economic growth.
Sought to gradually open the Indian economy through LPG Liberalisation,privatisation and Globalisation measures.
Some of the main economic performances during Eighth objective period were rapid economic growth,high growth of agriculture and allied sector and manufacturing sector,growth in exports and imports,improvement in trade and current account deficit.
The most notable feature of the Eighth objective period was that the GDP grew at an average rate of 6.8% exceeding the target growth rate of 5.6%.

ninth five year plan

Growth rate of GDP was 5.4% per annum as against the target of 6.5%.
Agriculture grew by 2.1% as against the target as 4.2% per annum
Industrial growth was 4.5% as against the target of 3% per annum.
Exports grew by 7.4% and imports grew by 6.6%.
Services grew at the rate of 7.8% per annum.

Tenth five year plan in india

Attain 8% GDP growth per year.
Reduction of poverty rate by 5% by 2007.
Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labour force.
Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007.
20-point program was introduced.
Target growth: 8.1% – growth achieved: 7.7%.
The Tenth Plan was expected to follow a regional approach rather than sectoral approach to bring down regional inequalities.
Expenditure of ₹43,825 crore (US$5.8 billion) for tenth five years.

eleventh five year plan

a) Income and Poverty:

i. Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17.

ii. Create 70 Million new work opportunities.

iii. Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.

(b) Education:

i. Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12.

ii. Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85%.

(c) Health:

i. Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 percent 1000 live births.

ii. Reduce Total Fertility rate to 2.1.

iii. Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level.

(d) Infrastructure:

i. Ensure electricity connection to all villages by 2009 and round-the-clock power.

ii. Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percent points.

iii. Attain World Health Organization standard of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12.

iv. A telephone in every village by November 2007.

v. Broadband connectivity to all villages by 2011-12.

(e) Growth Target:

According to the Eleventh Plan documents the task of achieving an average growth rate of around 9 percent in the 11th plan is macro economically feasible. In fact, the scenarios show that even 10 percent growth rate is achievable with a strong fiscal effort that is difficult but not impossible.

Twelfth five year plan

Economic growth

The real GDP is growing at an annual rate of 8%.
Agriculture is growing at a rate of 4%.
Manufacturing is growing at a 10% rate.
Every state must achieve a faster rate of growth than that of the 11th plan.

Poverty and Employment

The poverty rate will be lowered by 10% compared to the end of the 11th plan.
In the non-farm sector, there are 5 million new job openings and skill certifications

Education

The average number of years spent in school will rise to seven.
In higher education, there are 20 lakh seats available for each age group.
End the gender and social disparities in school enrollment.

Health

Increase the Child Sex Ratio to 950 by lowering the IMR to 25 and the MMR to 1.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) should be reduced to 2.1.
Reduce child malnutrition in the 0-3 age range to half of the NFHS-3 level.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure investment accounts for 9% of GDP (gross irrigated area). 103 million hectares of land (from 90 million hectare)
All communities will have electricity, and AT&C losses will be reduced by 20%.
All-Weather Roads Connect Villages
National and state highways must have a minimum of two lanes.
Dedicated Freight Corridors on both the east and west coasts.
Teledensity in rural areas has reached 70%.
50 percent of the rural population will have access to 40 litres of drinking water per day, and 50 percent of all Gram Panchayats will have Nirmal Gram status.

Environment and Sustainability

Every year, increase green cover by 1 million hectares.
Over a five-year period, 30,000 MW of renewable energy will be generated.
By 2020, the GDP emission intensity will be decreased to 20-25 percent of 2005 levels.

Service Delivery

90 percent of Indian households have access to banking services.
Subsidies and welfare payments will be made through the Aadhar-based Direct Cash Transfer Scheme.